In training, our psychological framework is fundamentally shaped by an underlying certainty: we are safe. This foundational assurance profoundly influences our responses and actions. During training sessions, we know that our instructors will not inflict serious harm, nor will they endanger our K-9 partners’ lives. This element of safety, while necessary for learning, creates a mental barrier that does not exist in real-life scenarios.

Dr. Steven J. Thompson, a renowned expert in police psychology, emphasizes, “The controlled environment of training cannot replicate the acute stress and unpredictability of real-world situations. This discrepancy can create a false sense of security that may hinder officers’ ability to respond effectively in the field” (Thompson, 2020).

In real life, law enforcement officers face genuine threats where the stakes are incredibly high. The perpetrators are unpredictable, the danger is real, and the potential for harm or death is ever-present. This reality starkly contrasts the controlled, predictable, and ultimately safe environment of training exercises.

The psychological impact of this discrepancy is significant. During training, officers are conditioned to expect certain outcomes and responses within a secure framework. This conditioning can sometimes lead to a cognitive dissonance when faced with the raw, unfiltered threats of the real world. The mental preparedness fostered in training does not entirely translate to the field, where there is no assurance that “everything will be okay.”

Moreover, the K-9 units, integral to law enforcement, add another layer of psychological complexity. Officers develop strong bonds with their K-9 partners, treating them not just as tools, but as companions and team members. The thought of their K-9 facing real danger is a psychological burden that training rarely, if ever, addresses adequately. As Dr. Karen R. Matthews notes, “The emotional bond between a handler and their K-9 partner can both motivate and distract an officer, impacting their split-second decision-making in high-stress situations” (Matthews, 2019).

The reality gap between training and actual duty underscores the need for more immersive, realistic training scenarios that better prepare officers for the unpredictable nature of their work.

We’ve touched on this subject previously in our article From Classroom to Patrol Car: The Dichotomy of Policing Environments Explored, but here, we’ll delve into real solutions to better align training with the realities of the field.

Constant Stress in Anticipation of an Event You Know is About to Happen

In any training environment, especially those designed to push stress to the limit, there is a constant, underlying awareness that something is about to happen. This anticipation triggers your body’s natural fight-or-flight-or-freeze response. However, this anticipation is tempered by the knowledge that, no matter what unfolds, it will not result in serious harm or put your life in real danger. This awareness fundamentally alters the psychological and physiological responses of trainees.

During high-stress training exercises, the body and mind are primed for action. The sympathetic nervous system activates, releasing adrenaline and preparing the body for either confrontation or escape. This response is essential for survival in genuine threats, as it heightens alertness, increases heart rate, and boosts energy supplies. Yet, in a controlled training environment, this response is mitigated by the understanding that the danger is not real.

Dr. David Grossman, a leading authority on the psychology of combat, explains, “The knowledge that one is not in actual danger significantly diminishes the intensity of the fight-or-flight response. This safe environment, while necessary for initial skill acquisition, does not adequately prepare individuals for the unpredictability and true peril of real-life encounters” (Grossman, 2008). This is an interesting article: https://www.army.mil/article/94495/david_grossman_combat_makes_soldiers_stronger

This paradox—being prepared for an event yet knowing it will not truly harm you—creates a unique psychological state. The expectation of an impending event keeps the body in a heightened state of readiness, yet the mind remains aware that the training scenario lacks genuine threat. This discrepancy can lead to a diminished capacity to respond effectively in real-world situations where the threat is both unpredictable and real.

Furthermore, this artificial anticipation can breed a false sense of security. Trainees become accustomed to the structured and foreseeable nature of training exercises, which do not adequately replicate the chaos and uncertainty of actual fieldwork. In the field, there is no script, and the potential for harm is ever-present. This discrepancy can lead to a dangerous gap in preparedness.

As Dr. Judith Herman notes in her seminal work on trauma and recovery, “Exposure to real, uncontrollable danger invokes a level of stress and psychological trauma that cannot be simulated in training. The body’s response to genuine threat is far more intense and complex than the controlled stress of training scenarios” (Herman, 1997).

The combination of bodily readiness and an understanding of safety in training creates a “false fear”—a state where the body is prepared, but the mind is not genuinely convinced of the danger. This mismatch can render traditional training methods obsolete and potentially hazardous, as they do not adequately prepare law enforcement officers for the unpredictability and severity of real-life situations.

Modern training programs must evolve to bridge this gap. Incorporating more realistic and unpredictable scenarios, while still maintaining safety, can help to better prepare officers. By simulating the unexpected and creating environments where the outcome is not guaranteed, trainees can develop more effective coping mechanisms and response strategies.

Virtual Reality? A Partial Answer?

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a cutting-edge tool for training in various fields, including law enforcement. By immersing trainees in simulated environments, VR can provide highly detailed and interactive experiences that are otherwise difficult to replicate. However, while VR offers several advantages, it also has notable limitations that must be addressed to determine its effectiveness as a training tool.

The Advantages of Virtual Reality Training

1. Immersive Learning Environments: VR creates realistic scenarios where trainees can practice and refine their skills without real-world consequences. This immersion can improve engagement and retention of training material. According to Dr. Jeremy Bailenson, director of Stanford University’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab, “VR allows for the creation of a rich, sensory experience that can enhance learning and mimic real-world interactions more closely than traditional training methods” (Bailenson, 2018).
2. Repetition and Consistency: VR enables trainees to repeatedly practice scenarios, ensuring consistent training experiences. This repetition is crucial for developing muscle memory and honing decision-making skills under pressure.
3. Controlled Environment: In VR, trainers can control every aspect of the environment, allowing for the introduction of specific stressors and challenges in a safe and manageable way. This can help officers learn to manage stress and improve their response to high-pressure situations.

The Limitations of Virtual Reality Training

1. Lack of Physical Sensations: One of the primary drawbacks of VR training is the absence of physical sensations such as pain, fatigue, and the tactile feedback that comes from interacting with the real world. These physical experiences are crucial for fully preparing officers for the realities of their job. Dr. Albert Rizzo, a leading VR researcher at the University of Southern California, notes, “VR can simulate visual and auditory experiences, but it cannot replicate the physical sensations of real-world interactions, which are critical for comprehensive training” (Rizzo, 2019).
2. Missing Sensory Inputs: Real-life encounters involve a full range of sensory inputs, including smells, temperatures, and the feel of different textures, which VR cannot adequately simulate. These sensory experiences play a significant role in situational awareness and decision-making.
3. Psychological Disconnect: Despite the immersive nature of VR, trainees are aware that they are in a safe, controlled environment. This awareness can dampen the intensity of their psychological and physiological responses. As Dr. Skip Rizzo explains, “Even the most realistic VR simulations cannot fully replicate the unpredictable and often chaotic nature of real-world situations” (Rizzo, 2019).
4. Limited Impact on Emotional Training: The emotional impact of a real-world encounter—such as the fear of injury or death—is difficult to replicate in VR. This emotional component is crucial for preparing officers to handle the intense psychological stress of their work.

Expert Opinions on Virtual Reality Training

Experts acknowledge that while VR is a powerful tool, it is not a panacea. Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, an expert on combat psychology, states, “VR can be a valuable supplement to traditional training methods, but it should not replace them. Real-world training that involves physical stressors and unpredictability is essential for preparing officers for the realities of their job” (Grossman, 2015).

Old Systems? Throw Everything in the Trash Then…

It’s a common misconception that with the advent of new techniques and technologies, the old methods should be discarded entirely. This notion is absolutely incorrect. The old systems are not only foundational but also indispensable. In fact, new methods are often an evolution of the old ones. Conventional training techniques, stress-repetition exercises, the acquisition of automated responses, and the integration of artificial intelligence all serve as crucial elements in preparing law enforcement officers for real-world scenarios.

The Value of Conventional Training Techniques

Traditional training methods have been refined over decades and have proven their effectiveness time and again. These methods include rigorous physical training, scenario-based exercises, and stress inoculation training. Such techniques are designed to build resilience, muscle memory, and quick decision-making skills.

Dr. George Thompson, founder of the Verbal Judo Institute, emphasizes the importance of traditional training: “The fundamentals of law enforcement training, such as repetition and stress conditioning, are critical for developing the skills and mental toughness needed to handle real-world situations” (Thompson, 2004).

Repetition in Stressful Situations

Repetition under stress is a cornerstone of effective training. By repeatedly practicing specific actions under controlled stress, officers develop automatic responses that can be relied upon in high-pressure situations. This process, known as stress inoculation, helps officers manage their physiological and psychological responses to stress.

According to Dr. Richard S. Lazarus, a prominent psychologist known for his work on stress and coping, “Repetitive exposure to stress in a controlled environment helps individuals build coping mechanisms that can be drawn upon during actual high-stress encounters” (Lazarus, 1993).

Automated Responses and Artificial Intelligence

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into training programs offers new possibilities for enhancing traditional methods. AI can provide real-time feedback, simulate complex scenarios, and analyze performance data to tailor training to individual needs. This blend of old and new creates a more dynamic and effective training regimen.

Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, an expert in the field of human aggression and the psychology of combat, notes, “AI and traditional training methods together can create a comprehensive system that not only prepares officers physically but also psychologically, reducing the risk of errors in the field” (Grossman, 2015).

The Risk of Incomplete Training

One of the greatest dangers in training is the creation of a false sense of security, where the reality of the field diverges sharply from the controlled environment of training. An incorrect or incomplete training experience can have lasting physical and psychological impacts. Worse yet, some errors can be irreparable.

Dr. Kevin Gilmartin, a behavioral scientist specializing in law enforcement, warns, “An officer who is inadequately prepared is at a higher risk of experiencing traumatic events that can lead to long-term psychological damage. Proper training must therefore be comprehensive, combining the best of old and new methodologies” (Gilmartin, 2002).

A New Vision and My Mission

In this article, I aim to share my vision and mission: to bridge the gap between training and real-life operations for law enforcement officers. This gap is not only a threat to operational effectiveness but also to the well-being of the officers themselves. Through my studies and direct coaching work in both life and business domains, I’ve come to a crucial realization: it is imperative to think outside the box and ensure that training experiences are interdisciplinary and multifaceted.

The Necessity of a Transversal Approach

Relying solely on conventional law enforcement training methodologies is a significant mistake. The challenges faced by officers in the field are complex and multifarious, requiring a broader, more transversal approach to training. Insights from various fields—psychology, sports science, military strategies, and even corporate leadership—can offer invaluable perspectives and techniques that enhance law enforcement training.

Dr. Michael G. Aamodt, a professor of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, highlights the importance of interdisciplinary training: “The most effective training programs draw on diverse fields of knowledge, creating well-rounded individuals capable of adapting to a wide range of scenarios” (Aamodt, 2010).

The Power of Visualization and Meditation

One practical method to enhance training and preparedness is through meditation and visualization. This ancient technique, often overlooked in modern training programs, has been shown to improve mental clarity, focus, and emotional resilience. By meditating and visualizing various scenarios, officers can mentally rehearse their responses, building a cognitive framework that can be drawn upon during real-life incidents.

Research conducted by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn, a pioneer in mindfulness-based stress reduction, demonstrates that meditation can significantly reduce stress and enhance cognitive performance. Kabat-Zinn states, “Mindfulness meditation trains the mind to be more present, reducing the influence of stress and improving decision-making abilities” (Kabat-Zinn, 2005).

Here’s a practical approach to incorporating meditation into your daily routine:

1. Set aside 15 minutes each day: Dedicate a specific time before your shift to meditate and visualize.
2. Find a quiet space: Ensure that you are in a comfortable and distraction-free environment.
3. Visualize diverse scenarios: Imagine a variety of situations you might encounter on duty. Visualize your responses, from communication strategies to tactical maneuvers.
4. Reflect on your emotions: Acknowledge any feelings that arise during visualization and consider how you would manage them in real life.

For those interested in learning more about meditation techniques, Mindful.org offers a wealth of resources and guidance.

Learning from the Best: Navy SEALs and Meditation

Even elite military units like the Navy SEALs incorporate meditation into their training regimes. These warriors understand that mental preparedness is as critical as physical fitness. Meditation helps them manage stress, maintain focus, and enhance their overall performance in high-stakes situations. As retired Navy SEAL Commander Mark Divine states, “Meditation is a powerful tool for mental toughness and emotional resilience. It allows us to stay calm and focused under pressure, which is essential for mission success” (Divine, 2014).

Conclusion

In conclusion, bridging the gap between training and real-life operations requires innovative and interdisciplinary approaches. Traditional methods must be complemented with new techniques and perspectives from various fields. Meditation and visualization stand out as powerful tools for enhancing mental preparedness, helping officers to visualize and mentally rehearse their responses to a wide range of scenarios.

My mission is to push beyond the conventional, fostering a holistic training paradigm that truly prepares officers for the complexities of their roles. By embracing this comprehensive approach, we can enhance operational effectiveness and ensure the well-being of those who serve and protect.

Remember, true preparation involves more than just physical training—it requires mental and emotional readiness as well. Let’s strive to create training programs that reflect the multifaceted nature of the challenges faced by law enforcement today.

This event was no ordinary gathering, as it focused on crucial topics such as Public Order, K-9 operations, tactical use of the PR24 or Tonfa, expandable baton techniques, and defensive tactics against edged weapons. The importance of such tactical police training cannot be overstated. It’s the linchpin that empowers our law enforcement agencies to handle the ever-evolving challenges of maintaining public safety and order.

In this narrative, we delve into the core of why tactical police training is indispensable for our brave officers, providing an in-depth perspective on its critical role. To underpin this importance, we draw inspiration from an illuminating article by Commander Zero titled “Law Enforcement Excellence: Enhancing Police Training and Operational Communication” (available at https://www.commanderzero.net/law-enforcement-excellence-enhancing-police-training-and-operational-communication/).

Context and Objectives

To understand the importance of the police training event held on the 13th, 14th, and 15th at the GERT group of the Santa Catarina Police with participation from the Monterrey Police and members of the Zapopan Police, we must first grasp the broader context of public security in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. In Mexico, like many nations, law enforcement faces complex challenges, from organized crime to street-level violence, and Monterrey, being one of the country’s largest metropolitan areas, is at the forefront of this struggle.

Criminal activities continually threaten the well-being of citizens. It’s a situation that demands more than just the status quo. It requires proactive, effective measures. This is where the importance of comprehensive and ongoing police training becomes evident.

At the heart of the matter lies the understanding that an adequately trained police force is not merely essential; it’s the linchpin for maintaining public order, reducing crime, and ensuring the safety of our communities. Police training ensures that our officers are prepared to face a spectrum of threats with professionalism, poise, and precision. It’s a significant responsibility that instructors bear with dedication.

Our objectives encompass various critical dimensions, each contributing to the overall betterment of law enforcement and public safety:

1. Enhancing Public Safety: The core mission of police training is to directly impact public safety by equipping officers with the knowledge and skills to effectively address and mitigate security challenges. This not only keeps communities safer but also empowers citizens to live without constant fear.
2. Crime Reduction: A well-trained police force contributes significantly to the reduction of criminal activities. It’s a frontline defense against criminal elements that seek to undermine the safety and security of our cities.
3. Community Trust: Trust and cooperation from the public are indispensable for law enforcement’s success. By maintaining high standards and ethical conduct in our training, we foster stronger bonds between police and the communities they serve. This mutual trust is the bedrock upon which all law enforcement must be built.
4. Professionalism: Polishing the skills, judgment, and decision-making capabilities of officers is fundamental. These skills are crucial when officers are called upon to make life-altering choices under extreme stress. Through rigorous training, we aim to produce officers who are both proficient and compassionate.
5. Adherence to Laws and Ethics: At the heart of police training is the inculcation of a deep sense of commitment to legal and ethical standards. This includes the importance of upholding human rights, even in the most challenging situations. Our officers are not only trained in the art of law enforcement but also the importance of respecting the law and human dignity.
6. Resilience and Wellness: In the spirit of experts like Dave Grossman, we understand that mental and emotional resilience are vital aspects of our training. Our officers must not only endure but thrive in their demanding roles. Emotional well-being and resilience become as important as physical readiness.

Together, these objectives represent our commitment to strengthening the pillars of security, justice, and trust within Monterrey. While the path ahead may be challenging, it’s through rigorous and comprehensive police training that we prepare our officers to navigate these challenges and safeguard our communities. In these tumultuous times, the role of the police is as essential as ever, and their training forms the bedrock of an effective, professional, and ethical force.

The Instructors: A Diverse Team of Expertise

Allow me, as Commander Zero, to introduce our team of expert trainers. Each of us comes with a unique background and specialization to offer you an exceptional training experience.

Starting with my perspective, I, as an Italian, bring a wealth of knowledge in human capital development and anti-disturbio tactics. My expertise is grounded in a deep understanding of the principles that govern effective law enforcement. I’ve had the privilege to work in different parts of the world, gaining a global perspective on police training. In this ever-evolving field, I emphasize the importance of continuous learning and adaptation to the latest standards and practices.

Then, there’s Commander Carrillo Leonardo, a native of Mexico, who is our go-to expert in K-9 handling and anti-disturbio techniques. His experience in handling K-9 units is second to none, and he knows the ins and outs of maintaining control in challenging situations. He’s also a master of baton and PR24, and his insights into these tools are invaluable.

Richard Nader, hailing from Ecuador, is another remarkable member of our team. He’s an expert in police defense, tactical firearm use, CQB, and more. His vast experience in real-world law enforcement situations adds a significant layer of practicality to our training. Our mission is to equip you with the knowledge and skills you need to confidently navigate the complexities of modern policing.

This team’s diverse backgrounds and extensive experience ensure that our training goes beyond theory. It’s deeply rooted in real-world situations, bringing relevance and effectiveness to your learning journey. We aim to provide officers with the tools and skills needed to maintain public safety, uphold the law, and respect the rights and dignity of every individual within our community.

Structure of the Course

Our training program was meticulously structured to provide law enforcement officers with the knowledge and skills required to excel in their roles. The enthusiasm and dedication of our Mexican counterparts, particularly the esteemed commanders from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, shone throughout the event.

1. Order and Public Safety (Orden y Seguridad Pública): This segment explored the theoretical foundations of public order and the judicious use of police forces to maintain it. Santa Catarina’s commanders displayed a remarkable appetite for understanding the intricacies of order maintenance and its critical role in ensuring community safety.

2. K-9 Handling (Manejo de Caninos): A highlight of the course, this module delved into the principles and techniques of managing police canines effectively. The commanders from Santa Catarina exhibited an exceptional commitment to learning about the role of K-9 units in various police operations.

3. Anti-Disturbio Tactics (Tácticas Anti-disturbios): Maintaining control during disturbances, protests, or riots is pivotal for law enforcement. Santa Catarina’s commanders diligently learned crowd control strategies, negotiation techniques, and the judicious use of non-lethal weapons to handle such situations effectively.

4. Tactical Firearm Use (Uso Táctico de Armas de Fuego): The tactical application of firearms is a fundamental skill for law enforcement officers. The dedication of Santa Catarina’s commanders to this aspect of the course was outstanding. We emphasized firearm safety, accuracy, and the use of deadly force only when absolutely necessary.

5. Defense Against Edged Weapons (Defensa Contra Armas Blancas): In this section, officers learned to protect themselves from potential threats involving edged weapons. We explored various techniques to defend against attackers wielding knives or other bladed objects.

6. Expandable Baton Use (Uso del Bastón Retráctil): Mastery of the techniques for handling expandable batons, commonly known as PR24, was a crucial part of the training. The dedication of Santa Catarina’s commanders in mastering these skills was truly remarkable.

Practical Exercises (Ejercicios Prácticos)

The practical exercises held during the training were designed to be intense, challenging, and aimed at testing participants’ knowledge and skills gained from the theoretical sessions. Some of the scenarios and simulations included:

1. Riot Control (Control de Disturbios): Officers were exposed to simulated riot situations, putting their anti-disturbio tactics and crowd control techniques to the test.

2. K-9 Unit Deployments (Despliegue de Unidades K-9): Practical training for K-9 unit deployment in various law enforcement operations.

3. Armed Confrontations (Confrontaciones Armadas): Realistic scenarios involving armed individuals were created to evaluate participants’ tactical firearm use and edged weapons defense skills.

Theoretical Insights (Aspectos Teóricos)

This segment provided participants with an in-depth exploration of law enforcement theory, incorporating valuable insights from renowned experts such as Dave Grossman and George J. Thompson. Their expertise has significantly contributed to our understanding of human behavior, combat reactions, and effective communication.

Practical Applications (Aplicaciones Prácticas)

Our goal was not merely to equip participants with theoretical knowledge but to ensure these teachings translated into practical applications. The dedication demonstrated by Santa Catarina’s commanders in applying these techniques in real-life situations was truly commendable. Some practical situations where these learned techniques could prove invaluable include:

1. Crowd Management (Control de Multitudes): The anti-disturbio tactics and crowd control strategies can be invaluable during public events, protests, or large gatherings.

2. K-9 Deployments (Despliegue de Unidades K-9): Incorporating K-9 units into operations can enhance detection capabilities, making them vital in searching for drugs, explosives, or missing persons.

3. Armed Confrontations (Confrontaciones Armadas): Handling situations involving armed individuals or suspects is an inherent risk in law enforcement. The training received can make a significant difference in ensuring officers’ safety and minimizing the use of deadly force.

The dedication and commitment demonstrated by Santa Catarina’s commanders throughout the training event were exemplary. It’s a testament to their commitment to upholding law and order while minimizing harm to the community they serve. We’re confident that the knowledge and skills they’ve acquired will serve them well in their ongoing mission to maintain public safety and security.

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

It’s undeniable that the type of comprehensive tactical training we conducted during this event can have a profoundly positive impact on public safety in Monterrey, Nuevo León. The dedication and commitment displayed by the commanders of Santa Catarina, Monterrey, and Zapopan toward mastering these crucial skills is genuinely commendable. The safety of the community and the law enforcement officers who serve them is significantly enhanced through continuous, high-level training.

Looking ahead, the future of tactical police training in Nuevo León is a promising one. With the ever-evolving challenges of modern law enforcement, the need for continuous and ongoing training cannot be overstated. The writings of experts like Dave Grossman in his renowned book “On Combat” underscore the importance of constant training, preparing officers to respond to high-pressure situations while increasing their chances of returning home to their families safely after each operation.

A key focus for the future will be to ensure that law enforcement agencies prioritize continuous, high-quality training programs, fostering a culture of learning and self-improvement. Through ongoing training, officers can stay at the top of their game, enabling them to handle a broad range of challenges effectively.

In this pursuit, the collaboration between international experts and the unwavering dedication of the commanders from Santa Catarina, Monterrey, and Zapopan is a shining example. This collaboration has demonstrated the potential for law enforcement agencies to foster excellence in their officers’ skills and, in turn, enhance public safety.

By building on this foundation and continually seeking opportunities for improvement, Nuevo León’s law enforcement agencies can indeed set a benchmark for police training and operational excellence. This ongoing commitment to education and preparedness will lead to safer communities, more capable officers, and an environment where both law enforcement and the citizens they serve can thrive.

Upcoming Engagements and How to Stay in Touch

As we draw the curtains on this enlightening event, I’m delighted to share that we have many more initiatives on the horizon. The journey of education and improvement never truly ends, and I am honored to be a part of it. In the coming months, I will be involved in other training courses and events, each aimed at further honing the skills of law enforcement officers, making our communities safer and more secure.

If you are looking for specific operational courses, wish to explore new perspectives, or seek guidance on anything related to law enforcement training, I encourage you to reach out to us. You can always contact me at info@zeroearthacademy.com. We are here to support you, to share our knowledge and expertise, and to contribute to the collective goal of making our world a safer place.

In closing, it’s imperative to recognize the pivotal role of law enforcement in society. We are the guardians of the thin blue line that separates chaos from order. Our profession demands a high level of specialization, ongoing training, and unwavering commitment. The men and women who serve on the front lines deserve our utmost respect, support, and appreciation.

The bond that ties us, the bond of those who wear the badge, is one of honor, sacrifice, and duty. It’s a calling that requires us to stand strong and resolute, day in and day out. In the face of adversity, we protect our communities, uphold the law, and maintain the order that is the bedrock of civilization.

So, let us remember that the thin blue line is a symbol of hope and security. It’s a pledge to serve, protect, and make sacrifices for the greater good. Our work is noble, our purpose is essential, and our duty is unwavering. It’s time to ensure that society recognizes the value and significance of our profession. We are the guardians, and we are proud to stand as one.

As we embark on this journey into the realm of public order maintenance, we must acknowledge the profound importance of this duty. It is a mission that transcends mere duty; it is a calling—a commitment that demands unyielding dedication.

In the upcoming chapters, we will delve into the multifaceted world of public order maintenance, peeling back the layers of history, addressing contemporary challenges, and paying tribute to the valiant custodians of order—those who have undergone rigorous police training.

Before we proceed further, allow me to introduce myself and provide insight into my personal involvement in this noble endeavor. My journey into the world of public order maintenance has been marked by tireless commitment and profound experiences. Specifically, I have had the privilege of serving actively in the V and VI Mobile Units in the cities of Torino and Genova, Italy. These years were characterized by strenuous physical and mental exertion, where I witnessed firsthand the demands, sacrifices, and victories of those who tread this challenging path.

In the V and VI Mobile Units, I learned that maintaining public order extends beyond the uniform and the badge. It requires a deep understanding of the delicate equilibrium between freedom and security, individual rights and collective well-being. It demands not only physical endurance but also emotional resilience. It is a realm where professionalism and empathy are the twin pillars guiding our actions.

This journey instilled in me an enduring respect for the principles underlying public order maintenance and a profound admiration for those who carry it out with unwavering dedication. It is a mission that knows no borders, and as we explore the global landscape of anti-riot units in the chapters ahead, we will witness the shared challenges, innovations, and aspirations that bind these guardians of order.

In the forthcoming pages, we will delve into the annals of history, where the roots of public order maintenance run deep. We will navigate the intricacies of modern challenges, understanding the evolving dynamics that necessitate adaptability and resilience. And we will pay tribute to the men and women who, like me, have committed themselves to the service of upholding the peace.

Together, we embark on a journey into the world of public order maintenance—a world often hidden in plain sight, where order prevails, and the guardians remain vigilant, fortified by their rigorous police training.

Unraveling the Past:

To truly grasp the significance of public order and the demanding role of law enforcement, it’s essential to delve into the annals of history. The roots of public order maintenance run deep, and they provide us with a foundation upon which we can build an understanding of its evolution over the centuries.

The concept of public order has been a fundamental aspect of society since its earliest days. In ancient civilizations, rudimentary forms of law enforcement emerged as communities sought to establish rules and norms for peaceful coexistence. These early constables and watchmen laid the groundwork for what would eventually become modern policing.

As societies evolved, so did the methods of maintaining public order. In medieval Europe, the role of the constable expanded, and the first organized law enforcement agencies began to take shape. These early lawmen were tasked with ensuring compliance with the law, responding to disturbances, and preventing crime—a mission that continues to be at the core of contemporary policing.

Pivotal Moments in History:

Throughout history, there have been pivotal moments that have tested the mettle of those tasked with preserving public order. These moments have revealed the true essence of law enforcement’s role in society. Let us examine a few examples:

1. The American Revolution (1775-1783): The birth of the United States brought about a radical transformation in the concept of governance and public order. Law enforcement officers found themselves navigating a landscape where loyalty to the crown and loyalty to a new nation often clashed. Their ability to maintain order in the midst of revolution showcased the critical role they played in shaping the nation’s destiny.
2. The Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s): Law enforcement agencies were challenged by a nation demanding equal rights and an end to racial segregation. Officers faced intense pressure, often in the form of civil unrest and protests. Their response to these challenges, whether through the enforcement of unjust laws or the protection of civil rights, left an indelible mark on the history of public order maintenance.
3. Modern Terrorism and Urban Unrest: The rise of terrorism in the late 20th century and urban unrest in response to social and economic issues have tested the adaptability and training of police forces worldwide. Law enforcement agencies have had to evolve to counter these emerging threats while still upholding their commitment to public order.

A Vision from Grossman:

To gain further insight into the demanding nature of public order maintenance, we can turn to the words of Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, a renowned author and expert on the psychology of violence and law enforcement training. Grossman’s work highlights the physical and psychological challenges faced by law enforcement officers in their line of duty.

Grossman’s writings emphasize the necessity of rigorous police training to prepare officers for the demanding nature of their work. He delves into the psychological stressors that officers encounter, including the “sheepdog” mentality—the willingness to protect the flock from the wolves.

As we explore the history of public order maintenance, Grossman’s insights remind us that those who serve in law enforcement are not only tasked with maintaining peace but also with shouldering the heavy burdens of their profession. Their commitment to public order is founded on a profound understanding of history and a dedication to rigorous police training.

The Role of Riot Control Units

Unveiling the Specialized Units:

As we continue our exploration of public order maintenance, it is crucial to turn our attention to the specialized units dedicated to this formidable task. Among these units, riot control units (often referred to as anti-riot or anti-sommossa units) stand as stalwart guardians of public order. In this chapter, we will unravel the significance of these units and their indispensable role in maintaining peace and security.

The Crucial Role of Riot Control Units:

Riot control units are a testament to the adaptability and specialization within law enforcement. These units are meticulously trained to manage situations that may escalate into violent or chaotic public disturbances. Their presence serves as a deterrent, and their actions are aimed at de-escalation whenever possible.

A Historical Perspective:

To appreciate the importance of riot control units, we must journey through history, bearing witness to moments when their presence was paramount:

1. The “Years of Lead” in Italy (1960s-1980s): Italy’s history is marked by a period known as the “anni di piombo” (Years of Lead), characterized by political violence and social unrest. Riot control units played a pivotal role in containing protests and demonstrations, often confronting armed militants and terrorists. Their unwavering commitment to public order was tested during this tumultuous era.
2. The G8 Summit in Genoa (2001): In the early 21st century, Italy faced another significant challenge when it hosted the G8 Summit in Genoa. The summit drew massive protests, and riot control units were tasked with maintaining order amidst the chaos. Tragically, this event also saw instances of violence, resulting in injuries and fatalities. It underscored the critical importance of effective riot control strategies in modern society.

The Italian Model:

Italy has earned a well-deserved reputation for having one of the world’s finest law enforcement training systems. The training provided to riot control units in Italy is rigorous, comprehensive, and adapted to the unique demands of their role. Italian officers are equipped not only with the physical skills needed for crowd control but also with the knowledge and awareness necessary to manage complex and volatile situations.

A Commitment to Public Order:

The role of riot control units in public order maintenance is a testament to the dedication and adaptability of law enforcement agencies worldwide. Their specialized training, rooted in the lessons of history and the demands of contemporary society, equips them to handle the most challenging situations with professionalism and restraint.

European Experience:

Ah, Europe, the land of diverse cultures, rich histories, and, as it turns out, some rather exceptional practices in maintaining public order. Our journey through the world of anti-riot units takes us across the continent, where innovative approaches to crowd management have become a hallmark of European law enforcement.

In the heart of Europe, nations have taken it upon themselves to redefine the playbook of public order maintenance. They’ve embraced advanced tactics and strategies that reflect a profound understanding of both the dynamics of crowds and the importance of upholding human rights.

Consider the “kettling” technique, for instance, which has been employed by British police. In this peculiar strategy, protestors are corralled into confined spaces like cattle in a pen. It’s an approach that, on the surface, may appear rather heavy-handed, but it serves a dual purpose. First, it helps isolate violent individuals, allowing the majority of peaceful protestors to disperse safely. Second, it offers a valuable lesson in crowd control dynamics—a subject that Professor Clifford Stott, a renowned social psychologist, has extensively studied.

Stott’s research has delved deep into the psychology of crowds and the role of policing in managing them. His work emphasizes the importance of police officers adopting a “facilitative” rather than a confrontational approach when dealing with protestors. By doing so, law enforcement can contribute to de-escalation and minimize the risk of violence.

But it’s not just the United Kingdom that has taken innovative strides in public order management. The French CRS (Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité) have refined their methods over decades, demonstrating a keen awareness of the need for adaptability in the face of evolving challenges. Their approach, shaped by real-world experiences, serves as a testament to the ongoing evolution of anti-riot tactics in Europe.

Anti-Riot team all around world

While Europe undoubtedly boasts a repertoire of advanced practices in public order management, our journey wouldn’t be complete without venturing beyond its borders. The world over, anti-riot units grapple with unique challenges and employ diverse strategies.

From the tumultuous protests in Hong Kong to the pitched battles in the streets of Caracas, anti-riot units play a pivotal role in maintaining order amidst chaos. Each region has its own set of tactics, equipment, and challenges, underscoring the complex and often hazardous nature of this profession.

The intriguing photo gallery by the South China Morning Post offers a glimpse into the diverse world of riot squads across the globe. From the stoic guardians in South Korea to the shield-wielding warriors in Ukraine, it’s clear that the challenges faced by these units transcend borders. They are, in essence, the sentinels of order, standing firm against the tide of disorder.

Praise for the Italian Police:

Before we conclude this chapter, I would be remiss not to express my profound appreciation for the Italian police, the Polizia Italiana. Italy, with its rich history and unique challenges, has nurtured one of the world’s finest law enforcement systems.

My own journey through the V and VI Mobile Units of Torino and Genova has granted me insight into the indomitable spirit of the Italian police. The experiences were physically grueling and mentally demanding, forging an unbreakable bond with the principles of public order and the commitment to upholding them.

In paying tribute to the Polizia Italiana, I must also honor the memory of Ispettore Filippo Raciti, a dedicated officer who made the ultimate sacrifice. His name stands as a solemn reminder of the risks law enforcement officers face in their unwavering dedication to preserving public order.

Current Challenges:

In the ever-evolving landscape of public order maintenance, contemporary challenges abound, reshaping the very fabric of this demanding profession. To navigate these treacherous waters, we turn to the insights of seasoned journalists and respected authors who have delved into the heart of these issues.

In the words of Peter Baker, a New York Times journalist and author, “The complexities of modern society have given rise to new challenges in the realm of public order maintenance. Social, political, and technological changes have combined to create a dynamic environment where the lines between order and disorder have become increasingly blurred.”

The challenges we face today are multifaceted. Social unrest can erupt in the blink of an eye, fueled by issues ranging from economic inequality to political discontent. The role of law enforcement, especially anti-riot units, has become a focal point in the quest for balance between maintaining order and safeguarding the rights of citizens.

The Psychological Toll:

Consider the impact of technology, a double-edged sword that empowers both protestors and law enforcement. Social media platforms serve as a powerful tool for mobilization, allowing protestors to coordinate and share their message. On the other side, law enforcement agencies employ advanced surveillance techniques to monitor and manage crowds effectively.

Yet, the challenges extend beyond the physical realm, into the minds and hearts of those tasked with maintaining order. As acclaimed author Dave Grossman observes, “The psychological toll of public order maintenance is often overlooked. Officers face the burden of making split-second decisions, knowing that their actions can have far-reaching consequences. It’s a profession that demands mental resilience.”

The State’s Perspective and Associated Costs:

From the perspective of the state, public order maintenance assumes a central role in its commitment to preserving societal harmony and security. The Italian government, like governments worldwide, grapples with the intricate task of prioritizing its resources and funding to ensure the effectiveness of its law enforcement agencies.

The Censis Institute, in its report on the security industry, delves into the financial aspects of public order maintenance, shedding light on the intricate web of expenses associated with this crucial function. The costs span a spectrum, encompassing funding for riot control units, training programs, and the procurement of specialized equipment.

In the eternal dance between budgetary constraints and the need for effective public order maintenance, governments face the daunting challenge of striking a delicate balance. The allocation of resources must align with the evolving demands of society, ensuring that law enforcement agencies remain equipped and prepared to face contemporary challenges.

It is within this intricate tapestry of challenges, both contemporary and financial, that the dedication of law enforcement personnel shines the brightest. Their unwavering commitment to maintaining public order, in the face of evolving complexities, is a testament to their valor and resilience.

Gear Up and Get Ready: Police Training and Equipment

In the world of law enforcement, preparation is the name of the game. It’s not just about having a badge and a uniform; it’s about being ready to face the unexpected, to protect and serve with unwavering dedication. Let’s delve into the critical aspects of police training and the importance of having the right gear to tackle the challenges of maintaining public order.

The Crucial Role of Training:

Police training is the backbone of a law enforcement officer’s career. It’s where rookies transform into seasoned professionals, and where skills are honed to perfection. In a previous article of ours, “From Rookie to Pro: 5 Game-Changing Rules for Police Training”, we explored the essential principles that guide police training. These principles emphasize the importance of continuous learning, adaptability, and the ability to make split-second decisions under pressure.

Equipping for the Unknown:

In the field, police officers encounter a myriad of situations, from routine traffic stops to high-stakes crisis interventions. To face these challenges effectively, they rely on a wide array of equipment. From bulletproof vests and non-lethal weapons to advanced communication devices and body cameras, each piece of gear plays a vital role in ensuring officers’ safety and effectiveness.

Modern Technologies and Tactics:

The landscape of law enforcement is constantly evolving. Modern technologies and tactics are being employed to keep communities safe while minimizing harm. This includes the use of less-lethal munitions, drones for surveillance, and crowd control techniques that prioritize de-escalation. Police training now incorporates these tools and strategies to equip officers with the skills necessary to navigate the complex situations they encounter.

The maintenance of public order is not just a profession; it’s a calling. It’s a commitment to safeguarding communities and upholding the principles of justice. We must acknowledge the dedication of law enforcement professionals who, day in and day out, put themselves on the front lines to ensure our safety.

As we reflect on the importance of maintaining public order, let’s recognize the sacrifices made by those in the field. It’s a reminder that behind the badges and uniforms are individuals who have chosen a path of service, often at great personal risk. Their unwavering dedication to duty should inspire us all.

So, the next time you see a police officer on the streets, take a moment to appreciate the vital role they play in our society. It’s a role that requires not only the right equipment but also the heart and soul of those who wear the badge. In the quest for a safer world, they are the true guardians of our communities.

Sometimes the best is also found in something little known.

Tactical / operational courses can be found everywhere and on every site. Understanding how serious and operational these courses actually are can be very, very complex and not without risks.

I am actually talking about risks, as investing figures, sometimes very important, investing our time to then learn knowledge that we would have gladly done without… It is certainly not very stimulating or pleasant.

As Lt. Col. Dave Grossman in his books (here his podcast interview) operational tactical work must pass from training that teaches the participant, a whole series of automated behaviors, where muscle memory directly affects the results, life or death, of the operator in question.

As you can well understand, therefore, taking a course where we invest time and money “empty”, not only could make us lose the latter, but could also insert in our muscle memory some movements that, in the operational field, could cost us a lot very expensive.

Moreover, the best courses are not always the prerogative of well-known and renowned realities. Sometimes new realities, still little known and not very present on the marketing landscape, can on the contrary be wonderful surprises.

Precisely for this reason, in this article we talk about our experience with CALCOP and the Assistance course for the wounded in tactical operations.

Our first contact with CALCOP took place a couple of months before the event itself, where the director, Calero, sent me a very courteous private message to invite us to attend the course in question which would take place in the first two weeks. September 2021.

As is my habit, I always respond to any request, especially if made with courtesy and education. 

In his message he explained to me the course, which immediately aroused my interest since it was a type of topic on which I had been looking for some time.

Your request surprised me slightly, since CALCOP was not one of the realities that I had taken into consideration to carry out our analyzes.

At his kind request which, as I said, aroused my immediate interest, I immediately followed up my request to further analyze what I could see about their online presence.

With amazement, the answer was not particularly successful, I realized that they still had no online presence, if not the instagram profile and a digital flyer promoting the course in question.

Observing their online presence and the flyer, I was quite doubtful in accepting the kind proposal, in fact the photos and videos (unfortunately and conspicuously made with iMovie) were not extremely “professional”, and the flyer, you could see clearly, was a clear selfmade. 

My reflection, whether to participate or not, was therefore based on two main aspects:

• The course is not professional, sketchy and, in fact, a waste of time
• The online part simply has not been developed adequately due to lack of depth and greater concentration on the content of the course itself.

My choice was, therefore, to participate by betting on the second option and assuming that the person who directed the “operation” was more interested in the training aspect and less marketing.

Once the decision was made, I communicated our presence to Calero, ours as I always move with my colleague Toark (trained, trusted and educated companion, as well as my nephew).

After I joined, I began to carefully follow subsequent communications for the course itself.

The pre-course

In the following weeks I did not see a particular promotional information traffic, however I was able to see a photograph where, Calero himself, declared that he had collected the medical training kit useful for the course.

Looking at the training kit, I thought that, in fact, my bet was quite correct.

During the preparation for the course, Calero was very diligent in passing us all the necessary information, both for the place where the work was carried out and above all by specifying the affiliated structure where to stay for the night. The course, in fact, included lunch for the three days, included in the sum of 165 euros, while travel and accommodation were the responsibility of the participants.

Once I received the information of the structure, I immediately proceeded to request information for the reservation. The assistance of the structure, called “university residence Giner de los Rios” in Alcalà de Henares (Madrid), was rather cumbersome. In the beginning, trying to make the reservation with the promotional code to get the participant discount, the website of the structure gave me the impossibility of accessing the complete structure.

By sending a request to assistance and after a few days, I was able to book the structure with the relative discount.

The week before the event, the whatsapp working group was created, where instructors and participants were present. General information of the course and material to bring were passed to the group. A rather normal aspect in all the courses we have attended. So far I had not yet been able to see anything in particular that attracted my interest, other than the courtesy of the instructor and the theme of the course itself.

About two days before the event, the first fact that gave me absolutely good hope for the starting course, was the sending, in the group, of the hourly information on the topics covered for all three days, with relative absolutely precise execution and times.

This aspect immediately interested me for the preparation that, from this moment on, would have pleasantly accompanied us.

We leave for the course

On Thursday, the day before the course, we rented the car, a small Fiat 500, and we went to the first destination: Alcalà de Henares, Madrid about 500 km away from where we live. The place, the university residence, was well presented, inside a real Campus (like those of the USA), where we took possession of our room complete with a kitchen and sitting room. 

The first day

On the first day, once we have found the structure, a hotel, we come into contact with the instructors and about 9 participants. The instructors, between the CNP and the Bomberos, while the participants were from different bodies such as Local Police, CNP and Guardia Civil.

To my pleasant surprise, the course started at the exact established time, with a delay of a few minutes, punctuality that accompanied us throughout the first day. 

The morning took place through learning the first intervention techniques on various types of wounds, in which we learned how to use the torniquette and the haemostatic correctly. 

The extremely interesting aspect and the surprise that immediately earned a lot of points, was the fact that, included in the course, there was the assignment of that medical kit I was talking about before, only that, unlike what I thought, the kit should not be returned at the end of the work. Great great idea, great. 

The kit is composed, in addition to the torniquette, also of scissors, cannulae, ciccatrizing powder, bandages and more, in short, an excellently structured kit. The instructors, however, were keen to point out that this kit was for training, providing a list of what we should have bought more … effective.

During the morning, a particularly appreciated aspect, the theory lesson was very often alternated with practical sessions of torniquette use, operative intervention techniques and exercises on transporting the wounded in adverse conditions or under enemy fire. A morning spent very quickly with a great balance between theory and practice, thanks to which the attention threshold has always been very high. At the end of the morning, always at set and precise times, we ate our meal in the hotel where we held the course.

At the end of lunch, after a short break, we started the lesson concerning first aid to the injured again, at the end of which we dedicated ourselves to further very physical practice: handcuffing techniques, and use of the extendable cane.

This lesson, which lasted about a couple of hours, was held directly by the instructor Calero, a serious and attentive professional and, which has earned him many points, a professional who knows what he says as he lives it every day during his service. It was easy to see how what he teaches is absolutely practicable without those “pindalic flights” typical of many training courses that teach very beautiful but impractical techniques.

After training hard, Toark and I, with great sweat given the heat, the course finished its cycle in perfect time previously established. The first day, therefore, ended with an excellent organization, great punctuality and practically non-existent “dead times”. Tango to underline this aspect, as, for those who have already, like us, participated in many courses in different parts of the world, these times of suffering and useless (not for nothing they are called dead) are very frequent unfortunately in almost all formations. These times, which are difficult to manage, are what mark the difference between a well organized course and a badly made course.

The second day

Once on the second day, always carried out with great attention to timetables, just like the first, we went to an area rather far from inhabited centers, a place dedicated to Air Soft called the “Eagle’s Nest”.

As soon as we arrived, Calero kindly accompanied us with his vehicle, we began to work practically through the use of parapets, firearm grip, entry into buildings, vehicle control and positions on the ground.

One day, with a small break for lunch, held in the splendid town of Chinchon, where sweat, dust and fatigue were the main feature, obviously always punctuated by practice with torniquette.

The third day

On the third and last day we went back to the same airsoft location to play what, in my opinion, was the highlight of the three days. Finally we have proceeded to the real effective simulation of the complete work, which starts from the call, radio communications, entry into buildings, firefights and much more.

This work has brought to light, through a crescendo of psychological tension well concocted by the two instructors, Calero and Manuel, who managed to make us work with great tension, and with that adequate modality typical of those who really know how to do those things. Even the third day, even more than the first, was carried out in the name of sweat, fatigue and dust. 

Let’s analyze all the aspects

After briefly describing the course, it is important to focus on more precise aspects, so that we can carefully understand the positive aspects and those, possibly, to improve.

First let’s talk about the housing, that is the place where we actually stayed. The residencia Universitaria presented itself as a good alternative to classic hotels, with an interesting cost and well-structured rooms, where you can cook, if necessary, and, above all, in a quiet place. The first day we went to the cafeteria of the building for breakfast; the breakfast was not particularly provided (a little I expected it being more in the canteen style), despite this we managed to eat what usually feeds us for breakfast (my breakfast is nutritious). The bitter surprise occurred on the second and third day, when the cafeteria closed its doors and, to remedy the breakfast problem, they brought us two baskets with pre-packaged items. Personally, I found it unpleasant to close the cafeteria on weekends; even if it is a university residence, if you decide to open it to non-university people, it would be better to organize yourself more. Having removed this annoying aspect, it is still a structure which, if CALCOP continues to have an agreement, is an excellent option.

 Logistics believe, however, that was the real Achilles heel of the course (I would say the only). Probably some military structures have decided at the last minute not to give us asylum for the course, which is why the instructors have folded as best they could on other structures:

• the first structure, that of the first day, in my opinion, appears to have been inadequate for the type training. Inadequate structure itself, too much presence of civilians, incorrect external training sites. Let’s understand: the hotel was fine, only unsuitable for the course in question. The only positive aspect, the proximity to the structure of the university residence.
• The structure of the second and third day, however, was perfect for the type of work, only, actually, too far from the place of accommodation. Despite the kindness of the instructors, who accompanied us with their cars, the structure was actually too far and too far even the place where we had lunch.

In general, therefore, the training sites were not, in my opinion, suitable for the course, be it by type of structure or by distance.

Now let’s talk about the balance between theory and practice, another very important aspect that has earned a lot of appreciation for this course. It was a good balance between the two aspects, they managed to keep the energy and the attention threshold always very very high. Excellent time management and, above all, just to repeat myself, no downtime. The theory developed has always had a very very practical implication, no irrelevant information or strange conjectures were given to “reimplify” the training. It was all very direct and incisive.

The aspect, undoubtedly, of great interest was the increasing intensity of work, from start to finish. During the course you could not predict what would happen next or what the actions would be. If you were expecting an academic course sitting at the desk with teachers throwing up words… then you would have been extremely disappointed. For us 10 and praise.

Another very important aspect, especially for Latin culture, is food. Nutrition is a strong aggregator and, it would not have been the first time, to see the participants’ interest in poor food or unsuitable times drop. Excellent food every day, not too abundant and not too poor, the right balance. The only really bad aspect, absolutely not attributable to the organization of the course, was perpetrated by the local on the second day. In Chinchon, precisely at the Taberna “La Liria” in the main square, something happened that, personally, I find really bad. During lunch, meat cutlets were served (we don’t eat meat but they found us a valid alternative), which, cooked in abundance, were left over. One of the course participants, a K-9 instructor who had his working dogs in tow, decided to take away the cutlets (paid for by the organization) to give to the dogs as they were left over. At this request, the owner of the structure refused and badly took away the leftover meat, justifying that the food was not for dogs and that she would rather have served them to the waitresses. A truly unfortunate fact for which, I hope, the organization will never again make use of this structure full of great rudeness.

The breakfasts of the residence, as I anticipated, did not drive me crazy, with the negative note of the lack of fresh breakfast on the weekend.

For the rest all very well.

Returning to punctuality, I would like to re-affirm the great organization of this course, the real spearhead. Excellent punctuality and zero downtime. Excellent, indeed I would say, superb!

Speaking of the instructors, we can say that both the Emergensa.es instructor team and the Calcop team did the job very well, perfectly timing everything. The only aspect to improve, in my experience, is a better management, linked to the second and third day, of tuning with a part of the instructors. On the second and third day, in fact, an instructor from the army on health issues accompanied us, with a different approach than the teaching staff who had accompanied us the previous day. It also happened that, during the tactical / operational intervention investigations, the same professional said things that were not strictly in line and not properly correct in terms of tactics, at times in apparent contrast with what the primary instructors said.

Apart from this smallness, Calero and Manuel were flawless professionals, with great experience in the field who were able to educate us correctly with practical methods, without laces or particular hairstyles; letting us see exactly what happens on the street.

At the end of the courses, the fundamental question is important to ask is “what have I actually learned?”. Personally I can say that I have learned a lot, both from the health point of view, despite having experience of working in the civil health emergency working on ambulances, I had never worked specifically on tactical extraction, haemostatic of this type and, above all, on the application of the torniquette. Also, with regards to handcuffing techniques, extendable cane and tactical / operational movements, I have learned a lot, refreshed a lot more. If I had to stop and find even a small flaw, I would say that I would not be able to find it. Three highly formative days.

Strengths and weaknesses: the weaknesses can be summarized in some aspects related to the logistics of the course, the promotion and the almost completely missing photographic part. On the other hand, the strong points are many and range from the preparation of instructors, involvement, professionalism, punctuality and great real content. 

Did I like the course? absolutely yes, I think it is excellent, very learning and absolutely advisable.

Star ratings: from one to five

• course presentation *
• progress ****
• punctuality *****
• organization ****
• materials provided ****
• logistics ***
• quality / price *****
• recommended for: belonging to police forces

General evaluation ****

Great course, great professionals